A hardware security module (HSM) is a trusted platform for performing cryptographic operations and protecting keys. A main feature of the HSM architecture is its special co-processor that performs cryptography functions. HSMs also consist of a hardware-based random number generator, RAM, storage, and external interface. HSM-as-a-Service is a growing market, with many organizations using it for their key management needs. Both cloud service providers and HSM vendors may provide HSMaaS solution...